A transverse process fracture of the spine is a break or fracture of one or more of the bony protrusions out of the side of a vertebra, known as the transverse processes. Located on each side of the spinal column, the transverse processes are the anchoring points for muscle and can become fractured (either incomplete or complete) through a sudden force or trauma. These fractures can occur in the neck, mid back or low back.
Causes
The most common cause of a transverse process fracture is either a fall or a direct blow to the side of the spine. Other causes include impact to the spine through a car accident or similar trauma, chronic stress and wear-and-tear with aging, and even for no apparent reason. In very rare circumstances, tumor growth in the area could also cause a transverse process fracture.
Car Accidents
Car accidents are the most common cause of transverse process fractures. When a car collides with another car, objects in the car, or a hard surface, the spine may be exposed to sudden and direct force which can result in a transverse process fracture.
Chronic Stress
Age, caused by chronic stress such as everyday activities, can increase the likelihood of a transverse process fracture on the spine. To prevent chronic stress, engaging in regular exercise and stretches can help to reduce everyday wear-and-tear on the spine.
Tumor Growth
In very rare cases, tumor growth can cause a fracture of the transverse process of the spine. There are also cases where a fracture can occur naturally, even without any particular cause.
Symptoms
The symptoms of a transverse process fracture can vary from minimal to severe and can include pain, numbness, tingling, and problems with mobility. The intensity of the symptoms will depend on the individual, where the fracture occurs in the spine, and the severity of the fracture.
Pain
The most common sign of a transverse process fracture is localized pain in the site of the injury. Pain associated with the fracture usually increases when the affected area is moved or physical activity is performed.
Numbness and Tingling
An individual may feel numbness and/or tingling in the affected area due to the fracture of the transverse process. If the fracture puts pressure on a nerve running thru the spine, pins and needles may be experienced.
Limited Mobility
Individuals suffering from a transverse process fracture may experience difficulty with mobility and range of motion, such as bending, twisting, standing and walking. If a fracture occurs in the neck, individuals may experience changes in their ability to support the weight of their head.
Diagnosis
In most cases, an individual will suffer a transverse process fracture after experiencing a sudden trauma or force, such as a fall or car accident. To diagnose a fracture, a doctor will conduct a physical examination, order an x-ray, and in some cases, perform a CT scan or MRI.
Physical Examination
A doctor will physically examine the affected area to determine if there is any pain or tenderness. He or she may also check the range of motion of the neck and back to determine whether the fracture may be a cause of the injury.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests such as an x-ray, CT scan, or MRI can be used to determine the exact location and severity of the fracture. This allows the doctor to identify the fractured piece of bone and measure its alignment to the surrounding vertebrae.
Treatments
Treatment for a transverse process fracture will depend on the individual, the severity of the fracture, and the location on the spine. Treatments can range from rest and icing the area to more extensive treatments such as physical therapy and surgery.
Rest and Icing
It is usually recommended that individuals suffering from a transverse process fracture rest, avoid physical activities and treat the affected area with ice or heat to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms such as pain and swelling.
Physical Therapy
A physical therapist may be recommended to begin gentle movements to help alleviate pain and stiffness, increase flexibility in the area, and promote healing. It is important to remember to move the affected area slowly and with caution to prevent further damage.
Surgery
In more severe cases of transverse process fracture, surgery may be recommended. During the surgery, a doctor can realign the fractured pieces of bone, remove bone fragments, and/or repair torn muscles and ligaments associated with the fracture.
People Also Ask
Is a transverse process fracture serious?
A transverse process fracture can be serious, depending on the severity of the fracture and location on the spine. It is important to be evaluated by a doctor if a transverse process fracture is suspected.
Can a transverse process fracture heal without surgery?
In many cases, a transverse process fracture can heal without surgery, depending on the severity of the fracture. Typically, rest and icing the area, physical therapy, and other conservative treatments can help alleviate symptoms and promote healing.
Is a transverse process fracture painful?
Yes, a transverse process fracture can be painful. The pain can vary from minimal to severe depending on the individual, location of the fracture, and severity of the fracture.
Can a transverse process fracture cause numbness?
Yes, a transverse process fracture can cause numbness and/or tingling due to pressure on a nerve running through the spine.
What are the possible complications of a transverse process fracture?
Possible complications of a transverse process fracture can include chronic pain, limited mobility, nerve damage and paralysis.
Final Words
A transverse process fracture is a break or fracture of the transverse processes of the spine, which can be caused by a fall, direct blow to the side of the spine, a car accident, chronic stress, and sometimes even without any particular cause. Symptoms of a transverse process fracture can vary from minimal to severe, and treatment can range from rest and icing the area to physical therapy and/or surgery. If a transverse process fracture is suspected, it is important to be seen by a doctor to determine the severity of the fracture and the best course of treatment.