Perineural cysts, also known as Tarlov cysts, are fluid-filled nerve root sheath cysts located in the spine that cause a wide range of symptoms, including lower back pain, sciatica, numbness, tingling, and weakness. While most individuals experience no symptoms and the cysts are generally harmless, they can become larger and sometimes cause problems such as spinal stenosis and radiculopathy. In this article, we’ll explore what perineural cysts are, common causes, and potential treatments.
Overview of Perineural Cysts
A perineural cyst is a fluid-filled nerve root sheath cyst which is located in the spine or at the nerve root. It is a benign, non-cancerous cyst that forms near the nerve roots, can vary in size, and causes a wide range of symptoms. It is also referred to as a meningocele or a Tarlov cyst.
Anatomy
The cyst forms in a sacral nerve root sheath, and can be found at the outer layer of the nerve root sheath around the sacral spine. These cysts can vary in size, with some as small as 1 millimeter and others as large as 2 centimeters.
Cause
The exact cause of perineural cysts is largely unknown. Most cysts are thought to be caused by a small tear or hole in the nerve root sheath. This tear causes fluid to accumulate and form a cyst. In some cases, this tear can be caused by age-related degeneration, such as osteoarthritis. Other possible causes can include prior trauma or infection, such as a slipped disc or spinal infection.
Symptoms
Most individuals with perineural cysts do not experience any symptoms, as the cysts are generally harmless. However, in some cases, larger cysts can put pressure on the spinal nerves, resulting in symptoms such as lower back pain, sciatica, numbness, tingling, and weakness. In severe cases, these cysts can lead to spinal stenosis or radiculopathy.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Perineural cysts are usually detected through an MRI or CT scan. Treatment typically depends on the size and location of the cyst and the severity of the symptoms. If the cyst is small and not causing any symptoms, usually no treatment is necessary. However, if the cyst is large and causing pain or other symptoms, the cysts may need to be surgically removed.
Prevention
Since the exact cause of perineural cysts is unknown, there is no way to prevent cyssts from forming. However, taking preventative measures, such as avoiding injury or trauma to the back, can reduce the risk of these cysts becoming larger or causing symptoms. Regular stretching and exercise can also help to keep the spine strong and healthy.
People Also Ask
Are Perineural Cysts Dangerous?
No, perineural cysts are typically benign and are generally harmless. However, in some cases, larger cysts may cause pain and other symptoms and may need to be surgically removed.
Can Perineural Cysts Be Prevented?
Since the exact cause of perineural cysts is unknown, there is no way to prevent cysts from forming. However, taking preventative measures, such as avoiding injury or trauma to the back, can reduce the risk of these cysts becoming larger or causing symptoms.
Can Perineural Cysts Be Treated?
Treatment typically depends on the size and location of the cyst and the severity of the symptoms. If the cyst is small and not causing any symptoms, usually no treatment is necessary. However, if the cyst is large and causing pain or other symptoms, the cysts may need to be surgically removed.
What Does a Perineural Cyst Look Like on an MRI?
On an MRI, a perineural cyst will appear as a round, fluid-filled sac that is located near the nerve root. It is usually located in the sacral spine.
What Are the Symptoms of a Perineural Cyst?
Most individuals with perineural cysts do not experience any symptoms, as the cysts are generally harmless. However, in some cases, larger cysts can put pressure on the spinal nerves, resulting in symptoms such as lower back pain, sciatica, numbness, tingling, and weakness.
Final Words
Perineural cysts, also known as Tarlov cysts, are fluid-filled nerve root sheath cysts located in the spine that cause a wide range of symptoms, including lower back pain, sciatica, numbness, tingling, and weakness. While most individuals experience no symptoms and the cysts are generally harmless, they can become larger and sometimes cause problems such as spinal stenosis and radiculopathy. Treatment typically depends on the size and location of the cyst and the severity of the symptoms, and should be discussed with a medical professional. Preventative measures, such as avoiding injury or trauma to the back, can reduce the risk of these cysts becoming larger or causing symptoms.